When choosing asphalt shingles for roofs in areas with heavy snow and ice, durability and resistance to moisture are key factors. Asphalt shingles designed for cold climates often have reinforced fiberglass mats, thicker asphalt coatings, and special adhesives that help prevent ice dams and shingle blow-offs. These shingles usually carry an impact resistance rating, which is important in heavy snow regions due to the weight and potential falling ice. Ice dams happen when heat escaping from your home melts the snow on the roof, which then refreezes at the colder edges, causing water to back up under the shingles. To check if your current shingles might be at risk, look for curling, cracking, or missing granules after the winter season. You can safely inspect shingles from the ground using binoculars or from a ladder if you're comfortable climbing and taking precautions, but avoid walking on icy roofs.
You should call a pro when you spot extensive shingle damage, leaks, or consistent ice dam issues despite proper attic insulation and ventilation. Installing ice and water shield membranes beneath shingles is a critical extra protection step, especially along eaves and valleys, so ask your contractor about this detail. When discussing options with a roofing expert, a good question to ask is: “Can you show me the manufacturer’s warranty for these shingles and explain coverage related to ice damage?” Another useful question is: “How do you recommend protecting my roof from ice dams based on this home's ventilation and insulation setup?” These questions ensure the roofer is aware of challenges specific to snowy climates and is using materials suited to withstand freeze-thaw cycles.